In criminal law, what is the term for a legal principle that one is presumed innocent until proven guilty?

The correct term for the legal principle that one is presumed innocent until proven guilty is the presumption of innocence. This fundamental concept is a cornerstone of criminal law and serves to protect the rights of individuals accused of crimes. It asserts that the prosecution carries the responsibility to prove the defendant's guilt, rather than requiring the defendant to prove their innocence. This principle reinforces the notion that it is better for an innocent person to go free than for an innocent person to be wrongfully convicted.

In contrast, the burden of proof refers to the obligation of the prosecution to present sufficient evidence to establish the accused's guilt. "Beyond a reasonable doubt" is the high standard of proof required in criminal cases to secure a conviction, indicating that there should be no reasonable doubt in the minds of jurors about the defendant's guilt. “Preponderance of evidence” is the standard used in civil cases, where it indicates that the evidence must show that something is more likely true than not. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for grasping the operational principles within criminal law and the significance of protecting an accused individual's rights throughout legal proceedings.